SURYA (SUN)

Planet Sun has different names in Hindu religion Ravi, Arun, Dinamani, Dingar, Mitra, Surya, Bhanu,Kha , Pushya,Hiranyagarbha, Marichin, Aditya, Savitr, Arka, Bhaskara, Diwakar, Prabhakar, Dinesh, Mihir, Nabheshwar, Martanda, Tapan.

In English it is Sun, in Arabic it is Shams, in Persian it is Khurshed .

Sun is the centre of our solar system and 9 major planets and their moons revolve around our sun. Sun has a diameter of 1.3927 million km or 696,340 km radius.

According to hindu mythology (Sanatana Dharma) , Daksha Prajapati had 2 daughters, Aditi and Diti, who were both married to Rishi or sage Kashyapa. 

Diti gave birth to both the Marutas and the Asuras (Daityas) with the sage Kashyapa and Aditi gave birth to the Surya (Sun) and other celestial bodies.

Surya's wife or consort's name was Sandhya. Sandhya had a sibiling named Chhaya who was a consort to Sun.

Once, when Sandhya couldn't handle the intensity of Surya, She held Chhaya in front of her as an offering to Him. during that time, Chhaya gave birth to 9 sons of Surya. One of those sons, is considered Shani dev or planet Saturn. 

Surya is the mythological father of many notable sons, including Manu (progenitor of the human race), Yama (god of the dead), the Ashvins (twin physicians to the gods), Karna (a great warrior in the Mahabharata), and Sugriva (king of the monkeys in the Ramayana). The Puranas (collections of Hindu myths and legends) record that the weapons of the gods were forged from pieces trimmed from Surya, whose full emanation was too bright to bear. His power was conceived of as dispelling darkness, curing disease, and heating and illuminating the world.

Surya on his chariot with his charioteer Aruna 

It is said Surya dev has 7 horses and one charioteer Aruna. When He enters the sign of taurus, equal days and night are present on earth and with each passing sign gemini, cancer, leo, virgo an hour keeps decreasing at night and the day time increases with each sign. 

and when Surya enters scorpio, saggitarius, capricorn,aquarius and pisces then each hour of the day goes on decreasing and hours of night keep increasing with each sign transit.

Scientifically, Sun is 93.472 million miles or 150 million km away from earth and 13 lakh times that of earth's size.

Sanskrit texts: How many days in a year?

Hindu text	Estimated length of the sidereal year[48]
Surya Siddhanta	365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, 36.56 seconds
Paulica Siddhanta	365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, 36 seconds
Paracara Siddhanta	365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, 31.50 seconds
Arya Siddhanta	365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, 30.84 seconds
Laghu Arya Siddhanta	365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, 30 seconds
Siddhanta Shiromani	365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, 9 seconds

The oldest of these is likely to be the Surya Siddhanta, while the most accurate is the Siddhanta Shiromani.

Sun through the Navamsa

If an exalted Sun in Birth Chart gets debilitated in D9, then not only there is disturbance in married life but the spouse will not get elevation in service/profession or prosperity at least after marriage. But vargottama Sun promise elevation in service/profession and enjoys luxuries of life after marriage.

 

• The Sun in Leo Navamsa: If the Sun at birth is in Leo Navamsa, the subject will incur defeat, will not enjoy much happiness, be fond of promoting strife, crooked and trifling in disposition and will lose his (or be bereft of) dignity.

• The Sun in Cancer Navamsa: If the Sun is in the Navamsa of the Moon at birth, the subject will be skilful and be endowed with progeny. He will seek wisdom, fame and wealth and be dear to king. He will be the best among the members of his circle.

• The Sun in Aries/Scorpio Navama: If the Sun is in a Navamsa ruled by Mars at birth, the subject will be troubled by poverty and diseases, be a discarded person, be miserable, troubled by excess of the humour wind (one of three humours), and interested in sinful acts. He will also incur diseases caused by venomous insects. [Notes: “Kritajaarthi” is a wrong copy for “Krimijaarthi” which is translated as “diseases caused by venomous insects”.]

• The Sun Gemini/Virgo Navamsa: One born with the Sun in Mercury’s Navamsa will have fear of windy disorders. He will win over his enemies, be fond of virgins and will enjoy pleasures.

• The Sun in Sagittarius / Pisces Navamsa: One with the Sun in a N avamsa of Jupiter will be highly truthful, will subdue his enemies, be fond of penance and fire sacrillces (i.e.. Vedic rituals), will subdue his senses and be endowed with all kinds of happiness.

• The Sun in Libra/Taurus Navamsa: Should the natal Sun be in a Navamsa ruled by Venus, the person will be glorified, be chief among his kinsfolk, prudent, virtuous, will subdue his enemies and be resolute.

• The Sun in Capricorn/Aquarius Navamsa: If the Sun at birth be in a Navamsa ruled by Saturn, the subject will be defeated by others. He will be poor, physically weak, lustful, bereft of relatives, will meet a bad end (or be in a bad shape in general) and incur diseases.